Implementation of a Large-Scale Variable Velocity River Flow Routing Algorithm in the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM)
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چکیده
Implementation and validation of a flow routing scheme for the North American domain of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) is described. A variable velocity flow routing algorithm is used to transport runoff from the land surface to the continental edges and provide freshwater flux forcing for the oceans. The flow routing scheme uses Manning’s equation to estimate flow velocities for river channels whose cross-sections are assumed to be rectangular. Discretization of major North American river basins and their flow directions are obtained at the polar stereographic resolution of the CRCM using 5-minute global river flow direction data as a template. In the absence of observation-based gridded estimates of runoff, model runoff estimates from a global simulation of the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model (forced with observationbased meteorological data) are used to validate the flow routing scheme. Model results show that the inclusion of flow routing improves the comparison with observation-based streamflow estimates when compared to the unrouted runoff. Monthly comparison of simulated streamflow with observation-based estimates, and basin-wide averaged flow velocities, suggests that the flow routing scheme performs satisfactorily. RÉSUME [Traduit par la rédaction] L’article décrit la mise en œuvre et la validation d’un schéma de routage du ruissellement pour le domaine nord-américain du Modèle régional canadien du climat (MRCC). Un algorithme de routage du ruissellement à vitesse variable est utilisé pour simuler le transport du ruissellement à la surface de la terre jusqu’à la marge continentale et fournir le flux d’eau douce pour le forçage des océans. Le schéma de routage du ruissellement utilise l’équation de Manning pour évaluer la vitesse d’écoulement dans un chenal fluvial dont la coupe transversale est présumée être rectangulaire. Les principaux bassins hydrographiques nord-américains ont été discrétisés et la direction d’écoulement de leurs rivières a été déterminée selon la résolution stéréographique polaire du MRCC, en utilisant comme modèle des données sur la direction d’écoulement globale des rivières à une résolution de 5 minutes. En l’absence d’estimations maillées du ruissellement fondées sur des observations, on a eu recours à des estimations de ruissellement établies à partir d’une simulation globale par le modèle hydrologique à capacité d’infiltration variable (VIC) (forcée à l’aide de données d’observations météorologiques) pour la validation du schéma de routage du ruissellement. Les résultats de la modélisation montrent que l’incorporation du routage du ruissellement améliore la concordance avec les estimations de l’écoulement fluvial fondées sur des observations, comparativement au ruissellement sans routage. Une comparaison du ruissellement mensuel simulé et du ruissellement estimé à partir d’observations ainsi que la moyenne des vitesses d’écoulement à l’échelle du bassin laissent croire que le schéma de routage du ruissellement fonctionne de façon satisfaisantes. ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN 41 (2) 2003, 139–153 © Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
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تاریخ انتشار 2003